PHYSICAL SCIENCE UNIT A
Living Things Grow and Change
Chapter One- Plants Grow and Change
Vocabulary Words
Living-things that need food, water, and air to live and grow
Nonliving-things that do not need food, water, and air and do not grow
Nutrients-minerals from the soil
Seed Coat-covering that protects a seed
Germinate-begin to grow, as seeds do
Seedling-young plant that grows from a seed
Cactus-desert plant that can store water in its stems
Chapter Review
1. All living things need food, air, and water. Living things also grow and change.
2. Plants use air, water, and light to grow. They also need nutrients, or minerals, from the soil. People and animals use air and water to live.
3. Plant roots grow underground and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Roots also act as an anchor.
4. Plant stems support a plant's leaves and flowers and carry water and nutrients to the plant. Some stems are woody and hard. Other stems are flexible.
5. Plant leaves make the food that plants need through a process called photosynthesis. The leaves contain chlorophyll, which enables them to use light energy, water and carbon dioxide to make the plant's food.
7. When a plant begins to grow the roots grow down and a stem grows up.
9. Plants can change by bending toward the light. They change when they do not get enough water or when insects eat them.
10. Plants live in every part of the world. Different plants grow in different places.
11. Plants that grow in different places may look different and have different kinds of stems, leaves, and seeds to help them live and grow in those different places.
UNIT A
Chapter Two- Animals Grow and Change
Vocabulary Words
Mammal-animal that has hair or fur, the female of which feeds milk from her body to her young.
Reptile-animal that is covered with scales and has rough, dry skin
Amphibian-animal that has smooth, moist skin and lives both in water and on land
Insect-animal that has three body parts and six legs
Life Cycle-parts or stages of an animal's life
Chapter Review
1. A characteristic of most mammals is live birth. Cats, dogs, and monkeys are examples of mammals. Whales and dolphins are also mammals even though their skin is smooth because the females feed milk to their young.
2. Lizards, snakes, and turtles are reptiles.
3. Frogs and toads are amphibians.
3. All birds have similar body parts but may have different beaks, feet, feather color and size.
4. Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish are kinds of animals that have bones.
5. Spiders are not insects because they have eight legs.
6. All animals are living things that need food, water, and air to live. Some animals have bones and others do not. Animals may have different body coverings and body parts.
7. Animals can be grouped by their body coverings, their skin, how many legs they have, and how many body parts they have.
8. Many animals will care for their young until they can care for themselves.
9. Young animals grow bigger and stronger. Life cycles are different for different animals.
UNIT A
Chapter Three- People Grow and Change
Vocabulary Words
Permanent teeth-adult teeth that take the place of baby teeth
Skeleton-bones in a body that give it shape
Muscles-body parts under the skin that produce movement
Heart-muscle that pumps blood
Lungs-body part that help you breathe air
Heart Rate-how fast or slowly a heart beats
Digest-break down food in the body
Saliva-fluid in a mouth that helps break down food
Esophagus-tube that takes food from the mouth to the stomach
Stomach-body part where food is broken down
Chapter Review
1. The human body grows, changing in both shape and size, from infancy to about the age of twenty.
2. Bodies grow bigger, taller, heavier, and stronger. Hair and faces can also change as we grow.
3. Teeth help make eating easier. They grind and tear food. As we grow, our mouths grow, too. If teeth were small and weak, they wouldn't work as well as large, strong teeth.
4. Some bones help you move. Other bones protect parts inside your body.
5. Your heart is a muscle that pumps blood through your body.
6. A muscle pulls on a bone to move it. Another muscle pulls on the bone to move it back to where it was.
7. Exercise and eating healthful foods keep bones and muscles strong and healthy.
8. Your heart is located on the left side of your chest.
9. Your two lungs are located inside your chest.
10. The heart pumps blood to the lungs and all other parts of the body.
11. The lungs take in air so oxygen gets into the blood.
12. The blood picks up the oxygen from the lungs and takes it to all the body parts.
13. Exercise makes the heart and lungs stronger and healthier.
14. Digestion begins in the mouth. Food travels from the mouth, to the esophagus, to the stomach, to the small intestine, to the large intestine where it is eliminated.
15. Healthful foods include cereals, breads, rice, pasta, vegetables, fruits, milk, cheese, meats, and beans. Sweets and oily foods should be eaten in very small amounts.
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